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--- en:docs:win16:thunking [2026/06/03 07:52] – prokushev
+++ en:docs:win16:thunking [2026/06/03 08:41] (current) – [The Old New Thing (Raymond Chen)] prokushev
@@ Line 218: / Line 218: @@
 | **517** | ''CallProc32W'' | Calls a 32-bit function with parameter conversion (Pascal calling convention). |
-Later ''CallProcEx32W'' appeared (no fixed ordinal), supporting ''__cdecl'' and the flag ''CPEX_DEST_CDECL''.
+Later CallProcEx32W appeared (no fixed ordinal), supporting cdecl and the flag ''CPEX_DEST_CDECL''.
 ==== 2.3 API functions: prototypes and parameters ====
@@ Line 706: / Line 706: @@
 ===== References =====
-* Finnegan, J. "Test Drive Win32 from 16-bit Code Using the Windows NT WOW Layer and Generic Thunk". Microsoft Systems Journal, June 1994. (PDF: ''24.pdf'')
+  * Finnegan, J. "Test Drive Win32 from 16-bit Code Using the Windows NT WOW Layer and Generic Thunk". Microsoft Systems Journal, June 1994. (PDF: ''24.pdf'')
-* Oney, W. "Mix 16-bit and 32-bit Code in Your Applications with the Win32s Universal Thunk". Microsoft Systems Journal, November 1993. (PDF: ''mix16.pdf'')
+  * Oney, W. "Mix 16-bit and 32-bit Code in Your Applications with the Win32s Universal Thunk". Microsoft Systems Journal, November 1993. (PDF: ''mix16.pdf'')
-* Pietrek, M. "Windows 95 System Programming Secrets". IDG Books, 1996. (Chapter on ''QT_Thunk'')
+  * Pietrek, M. "Windows 95 System Programming Secrets". IDG Books, 1996. (Chapter on ''QT_Thunk'')
-* Petzold, C. "Programming Windows 3.1". Microsoft Press, 1992. (Chapters on ''MakeProcInstance'')
+  * Petzold, C. "Programming Windows 3.1". Microsoft Press, 1992. (Chapters on ''MakeProcInstance'')
-* Wine source code: ''dlls/wow32/thunk.c'', ''include/wine/thunk.h''
+  * Wine source code: ''dlls/wow32/thunk.c'', ''include/wine/thunk.h''
-* Microsoft Win32 SDK for Windows NT 3.5, files: ''WOWNT16.H'', ''WOWNT32.H''
+  * Microsoft Win32 SDK for Windows NT 3.5, files: ''WOWNT16.H'', ''WOWNT32.H''
-* Microsoft Knowledge Base article Q104009: "Generic Thunk Interface in Windows NT"
+  * Microsoft Knowledge Base article Q104009: "Generic Thunk Interface in Windows NT"
+===== References =====
+==== Official Microsoft documentation (MSDN / KB) ====
+  * [[https://library.thedatadungeon.com/msdn-1992-09/progwin/html/prog5ip4.content.htm|When Windows Runs the Program (MSDN 1992)]] – describes reload thunk structure, ''SAR'', ''INT 3Fh'', and the two states.
+  * [[https://library.thedatadungeon.com/msdn-1992-09/progwin/html/prog5iqw.content.htm|What MakeProcInstance Does (MSDN 1992)]] – official description of instance thunk creation.
+  * [[https://jeffpar.github.io/kbarchive/kb/105/Q105137/|Q105137: Explanation of Exporting Functions in Windows]] – details the three prolog types.
+  * [[https://betaarchive.com/wiki/index.php?title=Microsoft_KB_Archive/102871|Microsoft KB Archive/102871]] – compiler switches ''-GA -GEa'' required for callbacks.
+  * [[https://betaarchive.com/wiki/index.php?title=Microsoft_KB_Archive/81496|Microsoft KB Archive/81496]] – clarifies ''HINSTANCE'' vs ''HMODULE''.
+==== The Old New Thing (Raymond Chen) ====
+  * [[https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20080207-00/?p=23533|What did MakeProcInstance do? (February 7, 2008)]] – explanation of the mechanism, its necessity due to lack of MMU, and why it became redundant.
+  * [[https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20180423-00/?p=98575|The early history of redundant function pointer casts: MakeProcInstance (April 23, 2018)]] – concludes that ''MakeProcInstance'' is now a stub.
+  * [[https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20080208-00/?p=23513|Why couldn't you have more than one instance of a 16-bit multi-DS program? (February 8, 2008)]] - explanation of the DS segment usage
+==== Historical analysis and discoveries ====
+  * [[http://www.geary.com/fixds.html|FixDS – a bit of Windows history (Michael Geary)]] – first-hand account of how ''MakeProcInstance'' was eliminated for EXEs using ''__export'' and for DLLs using ''__loadds''.
+==== Reverse engineering (Wine and WineVDM) ====
+  * [[https://source.winehq.org/git/wine.git/blob/HEAD:/dlls/wow32/thunk.c|Wine thunk.c]] – source code showing ''TASK_AllocThunk'' and how instance thunks are allocated.
+  * [[https://deepwiki.com/otya128/winevdm/Task_Management|WineVDM Task Management]] – explains per‑task thunk management.
+==== General reference and third‑party ====
+  * [[https://www.gladir.com/CODER/CWINDOWS3/callprocinstance.htm|CallProcInstance (gladir.com)]] – documented syntax of the undocumented ''CallProcInstance''.
+  * [[https://wiki.osdev.org/NE|NE (New Executable) Format (OSDev Wiki)]] – technical specification of the NE format and the Entry Table.
+  * [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunk|Thunk – Wikipedia]] – general definition and historical mention of reload thunk.
+  * [[https://hackernoon.com/win3mu-part-5-windows-3-executable-files-2b072fd7716b|Win3mu Part 5 – Windows 3 Executable Files (HackerNoon)]] – detailed analysis of NE files and relocation.